ModalVerbs




الأفعال المساعدة المشروطة


________________________________________


هي أفعال تساعد على إعطاء الجملة انطباع عن حالة المتكلم أو أهمية العمل المطلوب


و ربما تحمل معنى الضرورة القصوى بالعمل أو تعطي احتمالات حدوث شيء ما...



و تستخدم البعض كأداة لطلب شيء بأسلوب مهذب و لبق....و غيرها من الفوائد....



والأفعال المساعدة المشروطة في اللغة الإنجليزية هي على النحو التالي:



Can




Could





Had better




May




Might




Must




Ought to




Shall




Should




Will




Would





**************************


خصائص هذه الأفعال المساعدة....






أولا:



تأخذ معها جميع أنواع الضمائر المعروفة سواء المفردة أو للجماعة وهي



She-He-it-we-they-you-I



أمثلـــة...





He can find it.



They can find it.



She can find it.



etc

ثانيا :


الأفعال المساعدة المشروطة لايمكن إضافة الـ s لها في نهايتها حتى لو سبقتبـ she-he-it التي تحتم علينا إضافة الـ s في نهاية الفعل


مثــــــــال


من الخطأ أن نقول


He cans do it


المفروض أو الصحيح:::


He can do it


بمعنى أن هذه الأفعال لا تتغير... عند استخدامها سواء ماضي , مضارع أو في المستقبل....


ثالثا:تتبعالأفعال المساعدة المشروطة دائما ودائما بالفعل من مصدره الأصلي وبأبسطصورة أي من دون أي إضافات .


يعني فعل مشروط+الفعل الجذري الأصلي بدون إضافات أيبدون مثلا ingأوedفي النهاية ولا حتى في بداية الكلمة


مثــــــــــــال


لا نقول


He can does it



بلالصحيح...


He can do ti


tفنلاحظ أننا وضعنا الفعل من مصدره الأصلي بعد can



و لا نقول


He would went to Egypt

بل

He would go to Egypt

فنلاحظ أننا وضعنا الفعل من مصدره الأصلي بعد would


,و سأتطرق إلى ذكر بعض استخدامات بعض هذه الأفعال
مع أمثلة.....لاحقا بأذن الله.....
*

Remember that

A modal verb always has the same form:


There is no past form (-ed), no present participle (-ing) and no 3rd persons singular (-s).



Thought….they can all be used in the present…sometimes we use some in the past only……look at the table….
بالرغم من استخدام جميع هذه الأفعال في المضارع إلا أن البعض يستخدم في الماضي....


PRESENT FORM……Past Form...


Can…….could


May……might


Will…….would


Shall…….should


have to.......had to.....

Can



Can is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use can to:
talk about possibilityتستخدم للتحدث عن احتمالية أمر ما.....……it can be true….((80%))
and ability….تستخدم للتحدث عن القدرة على القيام بأمر ما……….. I can do that….
make requests….تستخدم لطلب شيء ما………..Can you close the door??
ask for or give permission……تستخدم لإعطاء أو لطلب الاستئذان……. You can go…
Structure of Can




subject + can/ can not + main verb
They + can + eat all of that in seconds.
The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to").
More examples:


Use of Can


can: Possibility….احتمالية and Ability….للقدرة




We use can to talk about what is possible, what we are able or free to do:
She can drive a car.
John can speak Spanish.
I cannot hear you. (I can't hear you.)
Can you hear me?




Normally, we use can for the present. But it is possible to use can when we make present decisions about future ability.
Can you help me with my homework? (present)
Sorry. I'm busy today. But I can help you tomorrow. (future)
can: Requests and Orders….للطلب و إعطاء أمر



We often use can in a question to ask somebody to do something. This is not a real question - we do not really want to know if the person is able to do something, we want them to do it! The use of can in this way is informal (mainly between friends and family):
Can you make a cup of coffee, please.
Can you put the TV on.
Can you come here a minute.
Can you be quiet!
can: Permission……للاستئذان



We sometimes use can to ask or give permission for something:
Can I smoke in this room?
You can't smoke here, but you can smoke in the garden.

Could



Could is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use could to:


talk about past possibility or ability…تستخدم للتحدث عن إحتمالية حدوث أمر ما أو القدرة على القيام بشيء ما....
make requests….تستخدم للطلب..
Structure of Could….الصيغة





subject + could/ could not + main verb
My grandmother
could
swim
She
could not
walk.


The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to").
Use of could/ استخداماتها مع الأمثلة...


Could: Past Possibility or Ability



We use could to talk about what was possible
in the past, what we were able or free to do:


I could swim when I was 5 years old.
My grandmother could speak seven languages.
When we arrived home, we could not open the door. (...couldn't open the door.)
Could you understand what he was saying?
We use could (positive) and couldn't (negative)
for general ability in the past. ….إذن تستخدم للتحدث عن قدرات و احتمالات في الماضي عامة




Could: Requests



We often use could in a question to ask somebody

to do something.
The use of could in this way is fairly polite (formal):



Could you tell me where the bank is, please?
Could you send me a catalogue, please?
تستخدم لطلب القيام بأمر ما أو السؤال عن شيء ما للأشخاص عامة...و طبعا في الحاضر.....

Shall versus Will


People may sometimes tell you that there is no difference between shall and will, or even that today nobody uses shall (except in offers such as "Shall I call a taxi?"). This is not really true. The difference between shall and will is often hidden by the fact that we usually contract them in speaking with 'll. But the difference does exist.

Shall and will تستخدمان لنفس المعنى إلا أن هناك اختلاف بسيط جدا يعتمد على صياغة النص أو حال المتكلم....
و لكن الغالب الآن تستخدم Shall في حال تقديم خدمة ما فقط.....


examples,,,



I shall be in London tomorrow.


You will see a large building on the left.
He will be wearing blue.




We will not interfere.
You shall do as you're told.
They shall give one month's notice.




Note that exactly the same rule applies in the case of should and would. It is perfectly normal and somewhat more elegant, to write, :


أحيانا يمكن استبدال will ب should , and would…فاستخدامهما يعطي نصك أكثر روعة
I should be grateful if you would kindly send me your latest catalogue.

مــنــقــول للفائدة

I'm happy 2 see u here

good and useful topic

Thanx aloooot

I'm happy 2 see u here

good and useful topic

Thanks aloooot

u are welcome :)

i hope this subject is very usefu for all reader

thank you ver mach

thank you ver mach

with pleasure my brother

:thumbsup: thanks alot for you my brother

Thank you alot dear, but i have asmall note for you it about the past and present form


This is a common mistake that every Arab learners have but the real thing from my study that i get it from my professors that we can not divide the modal form in to past or present form but we can use it in each cases


...:thumbup1: and thanks again

:thumbsup: thanks alot for you my brother

and thanks for u reply

Thank you alot dear, but i have asmall note for you it about the past and present form


This is a common mistake that every Arab learners have but the real thing from my study that i get it from my professors that we can not divide the modal form in to past or present form but we can use it in each cases


...:thumbup1: and thanks again


welcom sister
but this subjet is from book
mybe there is mistak in that book or u professors was learned from other books which say that can not divide the modal form in to past or present form

thanks for u opinion

Thank you my dear brother .. Thank you for this subject .. Mantovani and you always