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حـــــوراء.**.الحصــن
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 من مواضيعي |
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طلبج عزيزتي
Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Transport is performed by various modes, such as air, rail, road and water.
The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines or terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports. Vehicles traveling on the network include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, people and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including the financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations, and ownership of infrastructure, are both public and private, depending on the country and mode.
Passenger transport may be public or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, while bulk transport is used for large volumes or durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but has a deteriorizing impact on the environment. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain urban sprawl
[edit] History
 
Bullock team hauling wood in Australia
Main article: History of transport
Throughout history, new transport technology has been one of the key elements to foster a larger world and better commerce. The development has allowed larger quantities to be sent longer distances, at higher speed and at a lower cost. From nature humans are capable of transporting themselves by walking, though from time immemorial animals have been domesticated for labor and transport. Inventions such as the wheel and sled helped make animal transport more efficient, with the introduction of vehicles. Also water transport, including rowed and sailed vessels, dates back to time immemorial, and was the only efficient way to transport large quantities or over large distances prior to the industrial revolution. Because of water transport's importance, most settlements were located at intersections of bodies of water.
The industrial revolution saw a number of inventions fundamentally change transport. With telegraphy, communication became instant and independent of transport. The invention of the steam engine, closely followed by its application in rail transport made land transport independent of human or animal muscles; both speed and capacity exploded, helping to allow specialization through the location of manufacturing being independent of natural resources. The 19th century also saw the development of the steam ship, making global transport The development of the combustion engine and the automobile at the turn into the 20th century, road transport became more viable, allowing the introduction of mechanical private transport. In 1903 flight was invented, and after World War I it became a fast was to transport people and express goods over long distances.[8]
After World War II, the automobile and airlines took higher shares of transport, reducing rail and water to freight and short-haul passenger. Spaceflight was launched in the 1950s, with rapid growth until the 1970s, when interest dwindled. In the 1950s, the introduction of containerization gave massive efficiency gains in freight transport, permitting globalization.[9] At the same time, high-speed rail in Asia and Europe started taking passengers on long-haul routes from airlines, after the introduction of the Shinkansen in 1964
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